In this video, Dr Mike explains how skeletal muscle contracts via the sliding filament theory (mechanism).
Watch out for me saying “clavicle” when I should say “scapula”. It’s a slip of the tongue I have.
Having a look at the larger muscles of the shoulder region, and talking about where they are and what they do (while trying not to spend too much time talking about inervation or detailed attachment sites).
Music by Jahzzar:
http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Jahzzar/
(Licensed for use under Creative Commons Licenses, see above links for details).
Join the Amoeba Sisters a they explore different muscle tissues and then focus on the sliding filament theory in skeletal muscle! This video also briefly talks about muscle naming, some vocabulary (such as agonists and antagonists) before focusing on the sliding filament model. Video also mentions general roles of tropomyosin and troponin.
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Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:39 Muscle Tissue Types
1:58 Muscle Characteristics
2:33 Skeletal Muscle Naming and Arrangement
3:26 Actin Myosin and Sarcomere
4:32 Sliding Filament Model
6:55 Tropomyosin an Troponin
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Corrections:
7:42 Oops, “A” should be lowercase in those little circles as calcium ions should read Ca2+
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Factual References:
Betts, J. Gordon, et al. “10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation – Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 20 Apr. 2022, openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/10-3-muscle-fiber-contraction-and-relaxation.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
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Further Reading Recommendations:
What about I and A bands? What actually initiates the power stroke? How does calcium get released and from where? Remember, there is a lot more detail! We recommend this page from Openstax to learn more:
https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/38-4-muscle-contraction-and-locomotion
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The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky’s certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
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Spanish Subtitles Translated by Jeremy García
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Hope you enjoy this crash course the muscle anatomy. To watch more SCIENCE SONGS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HRkKznJoZA&list=PLvFsG9gYFxY9zTBhcFmMcYa3zYfQz7P7F&ab_channel=AsapSCIENCE
Song created by Mitchell Moffit
LYRICS:
VERSE 1
See the chest
You can flex
Your pectoralis
Major out
Minor in
So that you can press
Underneath
On the ribs
Is the serratus
Anterior
For boxing fitness
Turn the neck
Sternocloidomastoid is here
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Work in tandem dear
On the back
Now the trapezius appear
Upper, Middle and Inferior
Shoulders up
Shoulders down
Feel the deltoids work
Abduction of your little arms
The biceps brachii
And brachialis
Flex the elbow, looking strong
Turn around
The triceps
Cause extension
In the shape of a horseshoe
To the forearm
Brachioradialis
Carpi ulnaris times two
Add the carpi radialis; flexor, extensor, too
The hand has many muscles, that we’re not going through
CHORUS
This is the muscle song
So sing along
600 plus
That you can trust
To move you on your way
Smooth, Cardiac and
Skeletal soft tissue
Changing posture
Locomotion
Organs too
VERSE 2
Give me abs
Can’t resists
Rectus abdominis
Tendinous
Inscriptions
For some definit
Got obliques
With technique
To rotate and twist
Intercostals move the chest and ribs
The longest
Muscle is
The sartorius
Adductors
Longus
And Gracilis
Tensor Fascaie latae
And Pectineus
It’s your thigh
And here we cannot miss
Take a look
The Quadriceps
In four parts
Rectus femoris on top
On the outside
Vastus lateralis
Medialis near the crotch
Down below
The vastus intermedius
Sits on the long femur
With the quads
You can walk
You can run, jump, squat
Extend the knee
Be a dancer
CHORUS
This is the muscle song
So sing along
600 plus
That you can trust
To move you on your way
Smooth, Cardiac and
Skeletal soft tissue
Evolutionary wonders
Inside you
FINALE
Rhomboids
Retract the shoulder blade with major minor
Infraspinatus, and teres make the shoulder liner
Lats are looking broader
Erector spinae will make you taller
Glutes!
Are freakin huge!
The largest muscles they include
The maximus, the medius and minimus
Hamstring placement just below with
IT band, adductor magnus
Biceps femoris are flexors
Semitendinosus too
And Semimembranosus ooh
Calves can flex the foot for you
The gastrocnemius for jumping too
The soleus points down your toes
So you can put on all your clothes
We’re kicking off our exploration of muscles with a look at the complex and important relationship between actin and myosin. Your smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles create movement by contracting and releasing in a process called the sliding filament model. Your skeletal muscles are constructed like a rope made of bundles of protein fibers, and that the smallest strands are your actin and myosin myofilaments. Its their use of calcium and ATP that causes the binding and unbinding that makes sarcomeres contract and relax.
Table of Contents
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal Muscles Create Movement 1:18
Sliding Filament Model 4:52
Skeletal Muscles Are Made of Bundles of Protein Fibers 2:40
Actin and Myosin Myofilaments 3:54
Calcium and ATP Cause the Binding and Unbinding 5:05
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It doesn’t take long to get “bigger” muscles if you know how to improve the muscularity of your physique. In this video, I’m going to show you 4 workout techniques that you should start implementing into your training right now to start seeing fast changes in the way your body looks. With Summer just around the corner, you are going to want to use these tips to get bigger muscles quickly.
It starts with the realization that you don’t have to actually grow bigger muscles in order to have bigger looking muscles. This has to do with the key difference between muscle size and muscularity. This is good news however since making true muscle gains at any appreciable rate becomes much more challenging the more training experience that you have.
Beyond that, ultimately your genetics are going to have something to say about the size that you can eventually become. No matter how hard Jesse trains he is never going to be a 300 pound beast unless he figures out a way to go back in time and choose different parents.
That said, when you realize the advantage in training for muscularity you can quickly see new changes with not much having to change at all about your current workouts. It comes down to the following four workout strategies for building bigger looking muscles. Make sure that you apply these to your accessory lifts and not necessarily your big compound strength movements. Keep your foundational training the same and incorporate these as an adjunct to increase the rate of muscle gains and muscularity you see.
First, you want to make sure that you limit the amount of momentum you use in your lifts and make your muscles do the work instead. This can easily be seen in the example of a side lateral or front shoulder raise. If you swing or bounce the weights at all you are likely to shut down the amount of work being done by the very muscles you are trying to hypertrophy. Drop the weight you are using and make sure that every rep is being initiated and controlled by the delts and not only will they be doing more of the work at the end of the day but you will see size gains because of it.
Second, stop counting reps and start making reps count. You can do this by not worrying about just getting the weights from point A to point Z but by enjoying the journey from B to Y on every single rep you do. In the case of the crossover, you don’t just want to get your arm across your body to engage your chest but you want to appreciate the benefits that additional internal rotation below shoulder height and keeping the shoulders back can have on increasing the output and gains seen by the chest as a result.
Thirdly, you want to learn how to squeeze every rep as if it’s the only one you are going to do. Don’t worry if you are going to have anything left in the tank for the 12th rep. Instead, focus on getting the most you can out of the rep you’re doing and let the rest take care of itself. I apply this to the lat pulldown and you can see even additional muscle fiber recruitment as you squeeze and hold from the first second to the last.
Finally, in some cases the working muscles will actually do more work if you let the muscles around them help them to do so. In the case of the dumbbell curl, the activation of the abs is going to help stabilize the body and give the biceps more leverage from which to pull from. Likewise, the activation of the chest and lats is going to prevent the elbows from drifting and cheating the work the biceps are doing, therefore giving them more stimulus for faster muscle growth.
If you find this video helpful, you will love the way our complete programs help your body to see fast muscle gains by training like an athlete. Start putting the science back in your strength and conditioning workouts by heading to the link below and getting the program best matched up to your current fitness goals.
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